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Effects of testosterone and related substances upon humans

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Effects of testosterone and related substances upon humans

Posted on 01 September 2010 by admin

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A number of experiments were carried out in the nineteenth century by Brown-Sequard, a French physiologist, in which he injected the aqueous extracts from animal testes into himself as well as into a range of animals.

In 1889 Brown-Sequard reported his observations, declaring that he had reversed his own decline into old age. Although Brown-Sequard’s discoveries were not accepted because of the lack of experimental controls, his idea that
the testes release physiologically active substances proved to be true (Kochakian, 1993a). His self-experimentation provided the basis for further studies into the effects of ingestion of testicular extracts, and ultimately the effects of testosterone, upon people.

Surgeons developed the technique of transplanting human and animal (e.g. monkeys) testes into patients whose testes were damaged or dysfunctional.

Claims were made that these operations had relieved pain and discomfort and promoted bodily well-being in hundreds of patients. People began to seek treatment for all manner of disorders: senility, asthma, epilepsy, diabetes, impotence, tuberculosis, paranoia, gangrene and more (Hoberman and Yesalis, 1995).

However, this method of treatment was not accepted by the scientific community, who did not believe many of
the claims made. An international committee that was appointed to investigate these claims concluded that claims of rejuvenation as a result of testicular transplantation were unfounded (Parkes, 1985).

Subsequent to the research outlined above, testosterone has been isolated and its structure discovered.



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Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (Injectable)

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Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (Injectable)

Posted on 01 September 2010 by admin

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Alternative names:

Choriogonadotrophin
Chorionic gonadotropin
Gonadotrophinum chorionicum
HCG
hCG
Pregnancy-urine hormone

Description

Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) is a hormone produced by the placenta and obtained from the urine of pregnant women. Its effects are predominantly those of the gonadotrophin, luteinizing hormone, and it is used in the treatment of infertile women and in the treatment of delayed puberty in males.

Side-effects that have been reported include headache, tiredness, changes in mood, depression, restlessness, oedema, and pain on injection. There have also been links between hCG and gynaecomastia. hCG should be avoided in individuals for whom androgen-induced fluid retention might be a hazard; for example, those with asthma, epilepsy, migraine, cardiovascular disorders, hypertension and renal disorders. hCG should also be avoided in individuals
with disorders that might be exacerbated by androgen release, such as carcinoma of the prostate.

It is relatively common for Anabolic Steroids users to use hCG. It has been used to ‘kick-start’ the natural production of the hormones from the testes that had been suppressed by the higher levels of exogenous steroids. However, it is considered by some that the use of hCG merely carries this effect one more step down the homeostatic-controlled hormonal system.

Using hCG not only stimulates testosterone but will also suppress LHRF production from the pituitary. When hCG is stopped there will then be low LHRF leading to low LH levels that in turn will cause suppressed testes function. This  means that any benefits from using hCG would be lost in addition to the possibility of the pituitary gland being affected indefinitely.



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Clenbuterol (Oral)

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Clenbuterol (Oral)

Posted on 01 September 2010 by admin

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Alternative name:

Clenbuterol hydrochloride

Commercial names:

Clenbuterol (0.02 mg / 0.04 mg)

Pictures:

Description

Clenbuterol is a direct-acting sympathomimetic agent and is used as a bronchodilator in the management of asthma and obstructive lung disease.

It has a considerably longer half-life than other sympathomimetic asthma preparations such as salbutamol.  Clenbuterol has been used illicitly in cattle feeds in an attempt to promote weight gain and to increase muscle to lipid
mass. Adverse effects typical of sympathomimetic activity have been attributed to such misuse both in farmers in contact with affected cattle and in persons consuming meat products from affected animals. Clenbuterol has become
popular as a performance-enhancing drug because of its anabolic/anticatabolic effects. It is also commonly recognized as a fat-burning agent, as it increases the body temperature. Clenbuterol hydrochloride does not have a  pharmaceutical licence for use in the UK, but is relatively easily available.

The regime of oral administration varies considerably and is dependent on body weight, body temperature, the  desired effect and the commonly held belief of rapid receptor downgrade. The most commonly reported side-effects
include nervousness, anxiety, tremors, palpitations, tachycardia, headaches and insomnia. These side-effects are  commonly considered to be dose related and temporary.



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